Medicine Buddha Triad with Twelve Guardians

Joseon in the 16th century produced a great number of Buddhist paintings thanks to royal support from Queen Munjeong (1501-1565), consort of King Jungjong, for Buddhism. Regarded as one of the representative Buddhist paintings produced in the period, this work depicts Bhaisajyaguru, the Medicine Buddha (Kor.: Yaksa Yeorae) with a medicine container in his hands flanked by two bodhisattvas, Suryaprabha (Sunlight Bodhisattva) and Candraprabha (Moonlight Bodhisattva), who are in turn surrounded by the Twelve Warriors. The painting combines elements of the traditional Goryeo Buddhist paintings with new features adopted by Joseon court painters which include, in addition to a two-tiered composition, sharper ushnisa, round face with small features, broad shoulder and stable posture, 16th century elements arrived from Ming China. A postscript at the lower part of the painting consists of a prayer for long life and peace of the king and the dynasty and a record that the work was made as part of a project that produced five altarpieces.

조선 16세기에는 중종中宗의 계비繼妃인 문정왕후文定王后 (1501-1577)의 호불정책好佛政策으로 인하여 많은 불화가 제작되었다. 이 작품은 이 시기의 대표적 불화 중 하나이다. 도상圖像은 약합藥盒을 손에 들고 있는 약사불藥師佛을 중심으로 일광보살日光菩薩과 월광보살月光菩薩이 협시하고 있고, 그 좌우에 12신장이 대칭으로 배치돠어 있다. 고려 불화의 전통을 고수하면서 조선적인 새로운 요소로서 2단 구도가 도입된 점이 이 불화의 특징이다. 세부 표현을 보면, 뾰족한 육계, 이목구비가 작게 표현된 둥근 얼굴, 건장한 어깨와 안정된 자세 등에 중국 명明의 영향을 받은 16세기 궁정화파宮廷畵派의 특징이 잘 나타나 있다. 화면 하단의 화기畵記에는 채화彩畵 석가수도회도釋迦修道繪圖 2탱幀 채화 약사藥師 1탱, 지장地藏 1탱, 순금純金 치성광회도熾星光繪圖 1탱 등 5점의 불화를 함께 조성했다는 사실과 함께 주상전하主上殿下의 안녕과 국태민안國泰民安 등을 비는 내용의 글이 쓰여 있다.

Inscription

大妃殿下伏爲

主上殿下壽君福國支願(?)

受命良工願(?)成彩畵釋迦

修道會圖二幁彩畵藥師

一幁地藏一幁純金識(?)盛

光會圖一幁衛哉至誠竹

感?我

---

主上殿下龍圖永康鳳?

오新?童麟子?--绳--

國泰民安雨順風週無疑

笑島呼至(?)哉

謹跋



Marks

At the back of the wooden frame, a slip of paper is kept on which an inscription is written in 1784 in a Japanese hand, explaining its collecting and mounting history.



此尊像也表裝破壞而納篋笥久矣今茲欲加修補以耀金容爰元祿年間有毛利甲斐守綱元公為明玄院殿菩提所寄附之大金爛打敷一帖予想割之小之而辨其用則願主意趣已立以其所裁長之地修飾此像則亦不壇主祈禱乎遂乃命工成之云尔

峕(即: 時)天明四年甲辰之秋九月吉辰 成福院現住入寺照運謹識

Provenance

Housed in Jofukuin, Japan. 1918, Henry Brooks Adams (b. 1838 - d. 1918), Washington DC; 1918, by inheritance from Adams to his heirs; 1919, gift of the heirs to the MFA through Charles Francis Adams (Accession Date: June 26, 1919).

Credit Line

Gift of the heirs of Henry Adams

Medicine Buddha Triad with Twelve Guardians

  • Buddha of Medicine and Attendants
  • 약사십이신장도, 藥師十二神將圖
  • Korean, Joseon dynasty, late 16th century
Korea
Dimensions
123 x 127.5 cm (48 7/16 x 50 3/16 in.)
Medium or Technique
Ink and colors on silk
Classification
Paintings
Type
Panel
Accession Number
19.265
On view
Arts of Korea Gallery - 179

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